Hamstring Tendon Tear & Pain
A Common Cause of Sudden Thigh Pain and Difficulty Walking
The hamstring tendon is a crucial part of the knee and thigh structure, playing an important role in leg movement, flexibility, and stability. When the hamstring tendon is torn or strained, it can lead to significant pain and limit your ability to perform everyday activities such as walking, running, or bending the knee. Dr Antony Liddell, a highly experienced orthopaedic surgeon, specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of hamstring tendon injuries, offering both surgical and non-surgical options for effective recovery.
WHAT IS A HAMSTRING TENDON TEAR?
A hamstring tendon tear refers to damage to one of the tendons that connect the hamstring muscles in the back of your thigh to the bones in your pelvis and knee. The hamstring muscle group consists of three muscles, and when the tendons are stretched beyond their normal range, it can result in either a partial or complete tear.
These injuries are often associated with sports activities, especially those requiring sudden bursts of speed, sharp direction changes, or heavy lifting.
CAUSES OF A HAMSTRING TENDON TEAR
Hamstring tendon tears are often the result of:
- Sudden Movements: Sprinting, jumping, or quick changes in direction can overstress the tendon, leading to a tear.
- Overuse: Repetitive strain from running or other physical activities can gradually weaken the tendon, increasing the risk of injury.
- Direct Trauma: Falls or accidents that put significant pressure on the tendon can lead to a tear.
- Age and Previous Injuries: Older individuals and those who have previously injured their hamstrings are more susceptible to tendon tears due to the weakening of the tendon over time.
SYMPTOMS OF HAMSTRING TENDON TEAR
The symptoms of a hamstring tendon tear can vary depending on whether the injury is partial or complete. Pain is often sudden and located at the back of the thigh or near the buttock. Dr Liddell will assess your symptoms carefully to determine the extent of the injury.
- Sudden Pain at the Back of the Thigh: A sharp, snapping sensation often felt during running, sprinting, or sudden movement.
- Swelling and Bruising: Swelling may appear soon after injury, with bruising developing along the back of the thigh or down toward the knee.
- Weakness or Difficulty Walking: You may struggle to walk, especially on stairs or inclines, due to reduced leg strength.
- Tenderness and Stiffness: The injured area may be sore to touch and feel stiff, particularly after rest or in the morning.
- Visible Indentation or Lump: In complete tears, a noticeable dip or lump may form where the tendon has retracted, or the muscle has bunched.
- Pain with Movement: Activities like bending forward, lifting the leg, or stretching the hamstring may cause significant discomfort.
DIAGNOSING A HAMSTRING TENDON TEAR
Early diagnosis is key to effectively managing hamstring tendon injuries, with the diagnostic steps including:
Medical History and Symptom Review: Dr Liddell will ask how the injury occurred, what symptoms you’ve experienced, and whether there are any previous hamstring injuries or related conditions.
Physical Examination: The hamstring will be examined for tenderness, swelling, bruising, and any visible deformity. Strength and flexibility may also be tested.
Straight Leg Raise Test: This common test assesses pain and tightness when lifting the leg while lying down, helping to identify the presence of a tear.
Ultrasound: A quick, non-invasive scan that can detect partial or complete tears and assess the extent of swelling or tendon retraction.
MRI Scan: An MRI provides detailed images of the soft tissues and is often used to confirm the diagnosis, determine the severity of the tear, and assist in planning treatment.
HAMSTRING TENDON TEAR TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment depends on the severity of the tear, your activity level, and whether the tendon is partially or completely ruptured. Dr Liddell will recommend a tailored approach to support healing and help you return to normal movement.
- Non-Surgical Management: Partial tears may be managed with rest, ice, physiotherapy, and anti-inflammatory medication. Activity modification and a gradual rehabilitation program can help reduce strain on the tendon and restore function over time.
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation: A structured physiotherapy program is essential for regaining strength, flexibility, and coordination. Exercises will be tailored to your stage of recovery and may begin with gentle stretching, followed by strengthening and progressive return to activity.
- Surgical Repair: Complete tendon tears or those with significant retraction often require surgical repair. This involves reattaching the torn tendon to the bone, typically using anchors or sutures. Surgery is aimed at restoring strength, stability, and preventing long-term disability.
- Recovery Timeline: Recovery can take several months, depending on the severity of the tear and the treatment approach. Most people can expect to return to daily activities within 3 to 6 months, although return to sport may take longer.
Early intervention and a consistent recovery plan are important for restoring leg function and reducing the risk of future injury. Dr Liddell will guide you through each step of your treatment and rehabilitation.